Use of cannabis in the treatment of animals: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Cannabis is used in the treatment of several human conditions; however, its use is still less explored in veterinary medicine. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of efficacy and safety of the use of cannabis for the treatment of animal disease. A literature search was performed for studies published until 16 March 2021 in five databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported the efficacy or safety of cannabis in the treatment of animal disease were included. The RoB 2 Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 2427 records were identified, of which six studies fully met the eligibility criteria. RCTs were conducted in dogs with osteoarthritis (n = 4), with epilepsy (n = 1), and with behavioral disorders (n = 1). All studies used cannabidiol (CBD) oil in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Studies used CBD at 2 or 2.5 mg kg-1 twice daily (n = 4), orally (n = 5), during 4 or 6 weeks (n = 3), and compared CBD with placebo (n = 5). CBD significantly reduced pain and increased activity in dogs with osteoarthritis (n = 3). Moreover, CBD significantly reduced the frequency of seizures in dogs with epilepsy (n = 1) and the aggressive behavior of dogs (n = 1). Although promising results were identified, studies were heterogeneous and presented risks of bias that required caution in the interpretation of findings. Therefore, there was some evidence to support the use of CBD in dogs with osteoarthritis to reduce pain and increased activity, but limited evidence against epilepsy and behavioral problems. In addition, CBD was well tolerated with mild adverse effects. More RCTs with high quality of evidence are needed, including greater numbers of animal subjects, additional species, and clear readout measures to confirm these findings.

The 1991 explosive Hudson volcanic eruption as a geochronological marker for the Northern Antarctic Peninsula.

It is estimated that the explosive Hudson volcano eruption in Southern Chile injected approximately 2.7 km3 of basalt and trachyandesite tephra into the troposphere between August 8-15, 1991. The Hudson signal has been detected in Antarctica at the eastern sector and in South Pole snow. In this work, we track the Hudson volcanic plume using a dispersion model, remote sensing, and a re-analysis of a high-resolution ice core analysis from the Detroit Plateau in the Antarctic Peninsula and sedimentary records from shallow lakes from King George Island (KGI). The Hudson eruption imprint in these records is confirmed by using a weekly resolved aerosol concentration database from KGI demonstrating that the regional impact of Hudson eruption predominates over the Mount Pinatubo/Phillippines volcanic signal, dated from June 1991, in terms of particulate matter depositions. The aerosol elemental composition of Ca, Fe, Ti, Si, Al, Zn, and Pb increases from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in background level during the days following the eruption of the Hudson volcano.

Might High-Intensity Interval Exercise Be Remembered as More Pleasurable? An Attempt to Test the Peak-End Rule in the Exercise Context.

Given humans' limited ability to recall past experiences for evaluation, scholars have proposed the peak-end rule stating that if perceived discomfort at the end of an aversive experience is lower than the peak discomfort experienced, the aversive experience will be remembered more positively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the peak-end rule as applied to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Participants were 30 inactive men (M age = 27.9, SD = 5.2 years). In the first session they performed a graded exercise test on cycle-ergometer to determine their maximal aerobic power (MAP) (M = 233, SD = 35W); and, in the second and third sessions, they performed two HIIE protocols in randomized order: (a) Short trial - 20-minutes of HIIE, composed of 30-second efforts at 100% of MAP interspersed by 30-seconds of passive recovery; and (b) Long trial - 20-minutes of the short trial, plus 10-minutes more of HIIE, decreasing 3% of MAP in each additional bout, resulting in 70% of MAP in the last bout. During exercise, we recorded the participants' rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect, using the Feeling Scale (FS). At 30-minutes post-exercise, we again recorded the participants' affect, using the Global Affect Evaluation (GAE) and their session-RPE, and we recorded their enjoyment, using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). In the last session, the participants chose a favorite protocol to repeat. All sessions were interspersed by at least 72 hours. The 10-minutes extra HIIE in the Long-trial condition resulted decreased heart rate values (M = 157, SD = 13bpm to M = 144, SD = 14bpm; p < 0.001), but psychological responses during and after exercise did not differ, nor did participants' preferred HIIE protocol. As the load drop for the Long-trial was not enough to change the psychological responses during exercise, there was no difference in the retrospective evaluation as the peak-end rule would have suggested.

Repurposing a peptide toxin from wasp venom into antiinfectives with dual antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties.

Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Venoms represent previously untapped sources of novel drugs. Here we repurposed mastoparan-L, the toxic active principle derived from the venom of the wasp Vespula lewisii, into synthetic antimicrobials. We engineered within its N terminus a motif conserved among natural peptides with potent immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. The resulting peptide, mast-MO, adopted an α-helical structure as determined by NMR, exhibited increased antibacterial properties comparable to standard-of-care antibiotics both in vitro and in vivo, and potentiated the activity of different classes of antibiotics. Mechanism-of-action studies revealed that mast-MO targets bacteria by rapidly permeabilizing their outer membrane. In animal models, the peptide displayed direct antimicrobial activity, led to enhanced ability to attract leukocytes to the infection site, and was able to control inflammation. Permutation studies depleted the remaining toxicity of mast-MO toward human cells, yielding derivatives with antiinfective activity in animals. We demonstrate a rational design strategy for repurposing venoms into promising antimicrobials.

Positive Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Four High-Intensity Interval Exercise Protocols.

Several variables can be manipulated to compose high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols, and these different combinations may evoke different psychological responses (affect, enjoyment, mood, and perceived exertion). This study investigated psychological responses during four HIIE protocols. Following anthropometric measurements and two maximal exercise tests, 23 physically inactive adults (11 males [Mage = 25.6, SD = 4.8 years; Mbody mass = 68.5, SD = 12.2 kg; Mheight = 1.72, SD = 0.08 m] and 12 females [Mage = 25.0, SD = 3.5 years; Mbody mass = 57.2, SD = 8.7 kg; Mheight = 1.59, SD = 0.06 m]) performed four different types of HIIE on different days: (a) Long-interval HIIE (HIIEL-10 × 60 seconds:60 seconds), (b) Short-interval HIIE (HIIES-2 blocks of 10 × 30 seconds:30 seconds with 120 seconds between blocks), (c) Repeated Sprint Training (19 × 6 seconds all out:40 seconds), and (d) Sprint Interval Training (4 × 30 seconds all-out efforts: 240 seconds). We used a final session to assess participants' HIIE preference. We recorded participant reports of affect, mood, and perceived exertion throughout protocols, and we recorded enjoyment after exercise session. Perceived exertion significantly increased across all HIIE protocols (p < .001), with higher values in the first quartile during Sprint Interval Training versus HIIEL (p = .033). Affective response presented higher values pre-exercise and at the first quartile compared with all other moments (p < .001). Tension (p < .001) and depression (p = .013) decreased from pre- to post-exercise in all experimental conditions. At pre-exercise, female participants were tenser than males (p = .018), though males presented higher pre-exercise vigor scores than females (p = .023). Vigor increased over time for females (p = .022). Enjoyment did not vary between sexes or protocols. Participants expressed a higher preference for Repeated Sprint Training. HIIE protocols promoted positive psychological responses for physically inactive young adults, and exercise designs may modulate psychological responses.

Personalidade hardiness e fatores associados em profissionais da saúde atuantes em serviços que atendem pacientes críticos / Hardy personality and associated factors in health professionals active in services that treat critical patients

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar os fatores associados à personalidade hardiness em profissionais de saúde atuantes em serviços hospitalares que atendem a pacientes críticos. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado com 469 profissionais de saúde. Como instrumento, utilizou-se a Escala Hardiness (EH) associada a um questionário para investigar as condições sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e bivariada por meio do teste qui-quadrado e modelo múltiplo através de regressão logística múltipla, utilizando o teste Hosmer Lemeshow e PseudoR2, estimando razão das chances (odds ratio). A classificação dos escores totais na EH evidenciou preponderância de moderado hardiness (48,4%). A chance de alto hardiness entre profissionais com estilo de vida fantástico regular ou ruim reduziu em 74% quando comparado aos considerados muito bons e excelentes. Também esteve aumentada entre os profissionais que não tiveram licença/afastamento, que apresentavam alta satisfação por compaixão no trabalho, baixo estresse e baixo burnout. A personalidade hardiness influência direta e indiretamente a saúde e o bem-estar do profissional de saúde atuante em serviços hospitalares que atendem a pacientes críticos.

Abstract This study aimed to identify factors associated with the hardy personality in health professionals working in hospital services that treat critically ill patients. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted with 469 health professionals. We used the Hardiness Scale (HS), coupled with a questionnaire to investigate sociodemographic, occupational, and health conditions. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multiple model through multiple logistic regression, using the Hosmer-Lemeshow and PseudoR2 tests, estimating odds ratios. The classification of total scores in HS showed prevailing moderate hardiness (48.4%). Professionals with a fair or poor fantastic lifestyle (FL) were 74% less likely to show high hardiness than those with very good and excellent FL. Also, professionals who were not on leave, who had high satisfaction with compassion at work, low stress, and low burnout were more likely to show high hardiness. The hardy personality, directly and indirectly, influences the health and well-being of health professionals working in hospital services that treat critically ill patients.

Use of the anaerobic speed reserve to normalize the prescription of high-intensity interval exercise intensity.

The aim of this study was to compare the perceptual and physiological responses and time-to-exhaustion in high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols that are prescribed based on the relative anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) or maximal aerobic speed (MAS) in athletes with different ASR values, as well as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the abovementioned variables. Eleven long-distance runners and ten rugby players were submitted to five experimental sessions on different days; the first and second session were intended for the determination of the anthropometry, MAS and maximal sprint (MSS). In the subsequent sessions, three HIIE15:15s protocols were performed until exhaustion (110%MAS, Δ25%ASR, and Δ50%ASR) in random order. The anthropometric characteristics and variables obtained from the MAS and MSS tests in the different groups were compared by Student's unpaired t-test. The analysis of mixed models for repeated measures (groups and protocols) was used to compare the speed, delta blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and time-to-exhaustion. Rugby players presented higher ASR (13.6 ± 0.9 km h-1) compared to long-distance runners (12.6 ± 0.9 km h-1) (P = .049). For the HIIE15:15s protocols, there were no protocol and group interaction effects. However, lower CV values were observed for time-to-exhaustion (a mean reduction of 52%) and delta blood lactate (a mean reduction of 48%) in Δ25%ASR and Δ50%ASR when compared to 110%MAS. Furthermore, the rating of perceived exertion CV was similar in all HIIE15:15s protocols. The prescription of intensity of HIIE based on the ASR was able to reduce the inter-subject variability of lactate and time-to-exhaustion in rugby players and long-distance runners.

Hardy personality and associated factors in health professionals active in services that treat critical patients. / Personalidade hardiness e fatores associados em profissionais da saúde atuantes em serviços que atendem pacientes críticos.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with the hardy personality in health professionals working in hospital services that treat critically ill patients. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted with 469 health professionals. We used the Hardiness Scale (HS), coupled with a questionnaire to investigate sociodemographic, occupational, and health conditions. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multiple model through multiple logistic regression, using the Hosmer-Lemeshow and PseudoR2 tests, estimating odds ratios. The classification of total scores in HS showed prevailing moderate hardiness (48.4%). Professionals with a fair or poor fantastic lifestyle (FL) were 74% less likely to show high hardiness than those with very good and excellent FL. Also, professionals who were not on leave, who had high satisfaction with compassion at work, low stress, and low burnout were more likely to show high hardiness. The hardy personality, directly and indirectly, influences the health and well-being of health professionals working in hospital services that treat critically ill patients.

Objetivou-se identificar os fatores associados à personalidade hardiness em profissionais de saúde atuantes em serviços hospitalares que atendem a pacientes críticos. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado com 469 profissionais de saúde. Como instrumento, utilizou-se a Escala Hardiness (EH) associada a um questionário para investigar as condições sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e bivariada por meio do teste qui-quadrado e modelo múltiplo através de regressão logística múltipla, utilizando o teste Hosmer Lemeshow e PseudoR2, estimando razão das chances (odds ratio). A classificação dos escores totais na EH evidenciou preponderância de moderado hardiness (48,4%). A chance de alto hardiness entre profissionais com estilo de vida fantástico regular ou ruim reduziu em 74% quando comparado aos considerados muito bons e excelentes. Também esteve aumentada entre os profissionais que não tiveram licença/afastamento, que apresentavam alta satisfação por compaixão no trabalho, baixo estresse e baixo burnout. A personalidade hardiness influência direta e indiretamente a saúde e o bem-estar do profissional de saúde atuante em serviços hospitalares que atendem a pacientes críticos.

Prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos na atenção primária à saúde em um município do interior de Minas Gerais / Prevalence of psychotropic drugs use in primary health care in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais

Introdução. Desde sua introdução no suporte à saúde mental, o uso de psicotrópicos tem representado uma parcela significativa do total de fármacos prescritos na Atenção Básica à Saúde. Geralmente, a maioria dos usuários de tais drogas não é avaliada por um psiquiatra, indicando que muitos usam sem real necessidade. Objetivo. Verificar a prevalência de uso de psicotrópicos nas áreas de abrangências de Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de Barbacena. Métodos. Estudo transversal em que foi verificada a prevalência de uso de psicotrópicos entre pacientes atendidos em quatro UBS no município de Barbacena, Minas Gerais. Foram entrevistados 400 usuários, por meio de questionário elaborado pelos autores. Os testes de associações estatísticas utilizados incluíram o teste do qui-quadrado e o teste de Fischer para variáveis categóricas, além do teste t de Student para variáveis contínuas. A força da associação entre as variáveis explicativas e o desfecho estudado foi verificada por meio do cálculo do Odds Ratio. Resultados. O uso de psicotrópicos foi informado por 212 (53%) entrevistados. Entre as mulheres entrevistadas, 163 (59,0%) referiram consumo desses. Dentre os medicamentos, a classe dos benzodiazepínicos foi a mais utilizada ­ 130 (61,3%), principalmente entre aqueles com idade menor que 60 anos, sendo o clonazepam o mais prescrito desta. Conclusão. A prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos nas UBS pesquisadas foi elevada, indicando a necessidade de melhorar os cuidados na atenção à saúde mental desses pacientes. É provável que muitos desses indivíduos não apresentassem transtorno mental que justificasse o uso de medicamentos psiquiátricos. (AU)

Introduction. Since its introduction in mental health support, the use of psychotropic drugs has represented a significant portion of the total drugs prescribed, mainly at the Basic Health Unit (BHU). Most users of these drugs are not evaluated by a psychiatrist, indicating that many of them use it with no real necessity. Objective. To verify the prevalence of psychotropic drug use in areas covered by Basic Health Unit in Barbacena. Methods. Cross-sectional study in which the prevalence of psychotropic drug use was verified among patients treated at four BHUs in the city of Barbacena, Minas Gerais. 400 users were interviewed through a questionnaire prepared by the authors. The statistical association tests used included the chi-square test and the Fischer test for categorical variables, as well as the Student t-test for continuous variables. The strength of the association between the explanatory variables and the studied outcome was verified by calculating the Odds Ratio. Results. The use of psychotropic drugs was reported by 212 (53%) respondents. Among the women interviewed, 161 (76.2%) reported to consume it. Among the drugs, the benzodiazepine class was the most used - 130 (61.3%), especially those under 60 years old, being clonazepam the most prescribed one. Conclusion. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use in Barbacena's BHU coverage areas was high, indicating the need to improve care in mental health for these patients. Probably, many of these individuals did not have a mental disorder that justified the use of psychiatric medications. (AU)

Effects of Different Fatigue Levels on Physiological Responses and Pacing in Judo Matches.

Franchini, E, Takito, MY, Alves, ED, Shiroma, SA, Julio, UF, and Humberstone, C. Effects of different fatigue levels on physiological responses and pacing in judo matches. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 783-792, 2019-The objective of this study was to compare athletes' pacing during judo match simulation between different fatigue states. Twelve judo athletes (30.2 ± 3.2 years old, 85.6 ± 10.8 kg, 181.0 ± 5.7 cm, 19 ± 7 years of judo experience) completed three 4-minute matches against the same opponents, at 15-minute intervals in 3 different conditions: after warm-up (Control; C); after a regular training session (totaling 90 minutes); after a high-intensity interval exercise (2 blocks of 10 sets of 20-second all-out uchi-komi, with 10-second interval between sets and 5-minute interval between blocks). All matches were mediated according to the official rules, filmed, and analyzed concerning: rating of perceived recovery (RPR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (before and after match), blood lactate concentrations [La] before, peak after match and delta (peak minus the prematch values), and time-motion measures (frequencies and durations of actions). Time-motion measures included athlete displacement without contact, gripping, attack, feint, groundwork combat, pauses, and high- to low-intensity effort ratio. The experimental conditions resulted in different physiological and perceived responses prematch (HR, [La], RPR) and postmatch simulations (HR and [La]peak), with no change in RPE and few changes in technical variables. There was a decrease in grip dispute time, and increase in time of displacement without contact. These technical changes were enough to preserve the pace during the matches, which seemed to be controlled by the athletes to maintain their number of attacks, feints, and RPE.

Avaliação dos registros de enfermagem de pacientes internados na clínica médica de um hospital universitário do norte do estado de Minas Gerais / Assessment of nursing records of patients admitted to the medical clinic of a university hospital from the northern region of Minas Gerais state / Evaluación de los registros de enfermería de los pacientes ingresados en la clínica médica de un hospital universitario en el norte del estado de Minas Gerais

Objetivo: Avaliar os registros de enfermagem de pacientes internados na clínica médica de um hospital universitário do norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, documental, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 189 prontuários de pacientes internados na clínica médica de um hospital universitário durante o período de julho a dezembro de 2012. Utilizou-se um formulário como instrumento de coleta de dados. O tratamento dos mesmos se deu por meio de amostragem probabilística aleatória simples. Resultados: Observou-se tempo de internação mínimo e máximo de um e 97 dias (19,58±13,65), respectivamente. Houve prevalência das conformidades nos registros de enfermagem, sendo estas: leito, anotação descritiva, data e horário, presença de rubrica e carimbo do profissional, admissão, alta e/ou óbito, checagem e letra legível. Conclusão: A presença de não conformidades observadas nos registros de enfermagem compromete a funcionalidade do registro como instrumento de qualidade

Objective: The study's purpose has been to assess the nursing records of patients hospitalized in the medical clinic of a university hospital from the Northern region of Minas Gerais State. Methods: It is a descriptive, retrospective, and documental study that has a quantitative approach. The study was carried out with 189 medical records of patients hospitalized in the medical clinic of a university hospital over the period from July to December 2012. Data collection was performed through a form, and data handling was done by simple random probabilistic sampling. Results: It was observed both minimum and maximum hospitalization time of one and 97 days (19.58±13.65), respectively. There has been a prevalence of conformities in the nursing records, as follows: bed, descriptive annotation, date and time, presence of rubric and stamp of the professional, admission, hospital discharge and/or death, check and legible handwriting. Conclusion: The presence of divergences observed in the nursing records compromises the registration functionality as a quality instrument

Objetivo: Evaluar registros de enfermería de pacientes ingresados en la clínica médica de un hospital universitario del norte de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, documental, con un enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 189 registros de pacientes ingresados en la clínica médica del hospital durante el periodo de julio a diciembre de 2012. Fue utilizado un formulario como herramienta de recolección de datos. El tratamiento de ellos fue por muestreo aleatorio simple probabilidad. Resultados: Hubo una longitud mínima de la estancia y el máximo de uno y 97 días (19,58±13,65), respectivamente. Había prevalencia de conformidades en los registros, que son: la cama, la anotación descriptiva, fecha y hora, la presencia de la línea y profesional sello, admisión, descarga y/o la muerte, la comprobación y legible. Conclusión: La presencia de los incumplimientos

Rapid Monitoring of Vaccination to prevent measles in Ceará State, Brazil, 2015. / Monitoramento Rápido de Vacinação na prevenção do sarampo no estado do Ceará, em 2015.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the results of Rapid Monitoring Vaccination monitoring conducted with the aim of interrupting the measles outbreak in the State of Ceará, Brazil, in 2015. METHODS: this was a descriptive study using data taken from 52,216 vaccination cards of children aged from 6 months to less than 5 years and data on vaccination coverage, homogeneity, and reasons for non-vaccination extracted from the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI). RESULTS: vaccination coverage against measles reached 96.7% in Ceará; of the 21 Regional Health Offices in the State, four did not reach minimum coverage of 95% for the first dose, and two for the second dose; 836 children (1.6%) were not vaccinated and 1,388 vaccine doses were not used. CONCLUSION: Measles vaccination campaigns enabled the immunization coverage goal in the State of Ceará to be surpassed, despite the considerable number of unvaccinated children found.

Family health strategy: relevance to the functional capacity of older people.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the functional capacity of older people based on their performance on basic activities of daily living. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, carried out through the record of the Family Health teams working in the urban area of a city in northern Minas Gerais, in 2015. To assess the functional capacity of 373 older people, the Katz Scale was applied, which includes dimensions on the performance of daily living activities. The interviews took place in the participants' households. RESULTS: of the total participants, 6.9% had some degree of dependence. Those aged over 80 years old and were living without a partner had about three times more chances of presenting higher levels of functional dependence. CONCLUSION: most older people enrolled in a Family Health Strategy had their functional capacity preserved.

Factors associated to the dependence of older adults with diabetes mellitus type 2.

OBJECTIVE: to identify factors associated to the dependence of older adults with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Method: analytical and epidemiological study with 99 older adults. The Brazilian Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire and a questionnaire composed by socio-demographic and clinical variables were used. The independent variables were described and compared to the level of dependence obtained by the chi-square test or the Fisher test, the strength of association was estimated by Odds Ratio and multiple regression. RESULTS: the level of dependence prevailed in 79.8% of the sample. Higher chances of dependence were associated to: cutting toenails; performing household chores; presenting geriatric problems; urinary incontinence; time of diagnosis of diabetes; falls in the past year; and physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: considering the positive association of diabetes mellitus to the increased chance of dependence among older adults, there is need for direction and adoption of effective measures to ensure the functionality and quality of life of older adults with diabetes mellitus in a fair and democratic way.

Perfil do acompanhante de idosos hospitalizados: avaliação da atuação no cuidado e recuperação geriátrica / Profile of the hospitalized elderly companion: evaluation of the performance in the care and geriatric recuperation

Introdução: o processo de envelhecimento no Brasil vem aumentando gradativamente devido a mudanças nos últimos 30 anos, as quais são decorrentes da redução da taxa de fecundidade e do aumento da expectativa de vida. Objetivo: identificar o perfil do acompanhante de idosos hospitalizados e avaliar a sua atuação no cuidado e na recuperação. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 28 acompanhantes de idosos internados na Clínica Médica de uma instituição hospitalar. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio de epidemiologia descritiva simples não paramétrica e não probabilística. Resultados: observouse prevalência de acompanhantes do sexo feminino; faixa etária entre 40-49 anos, e filhas do idoso internado. A maioria não recebe remuneração e assume o papel de acompanhante no hospital e no domicílio. Entre as atividades realizadas no cuidado ao idoso hospitalizado, o suporte emocional foi o mais prevalente (85,7%), e 35,7% informaram que é importante a presença do acompanhante para auxiliar no processo de cuidar. O fator facilitador foi o interesse em participar do cuidado. Conclusão: a participação efetiva dos acompanhantes no cuidado do idoso hospitalizado minimiza o transtorno decorrente da internação e amplia os benefícios desta participação para o bem-estar do idoso e sua recuperação. (AU)

Introduction: the aging process in Brazil has gradually increased due to changes in the last 30 years, resulting from the reduction of the fertility rate and the increase in life expectancy. Objective: to identify the profile of the companion of hospitalized elderly and to evaluate their performance in care and recovery. Methods: this is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach, performed with 28 caregivers for patients hospitalized at the Medical Clinic of a hospital institution. A semi-structured interview was used as a data collection instrument. Data were processed through non-parametric and nonprobabilistic simple descriptive epidemiology. Results: prevalence of female caretgivers was observed; Age group between 40-49 years; and daughters of the hospitalized elderly. Most of the caregivers receive no remuneration and assume the role of companion in the hospital and at home. Emotional support was more prevalent (85.7%) and 35.7% reported that the caregiver's presence was important to assist in the caring process. The facilitating factor was the interest in participating in care. Conclusion: effective participation of caregivers in the care of a hospitalized elderly minimizes the inconvenience caused by hospitalization and increases the benefits of this participation for the elderly's well-being and recovery (AU)

Factors associated to the dependence of older adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 / Factores asociados a la dependencia entre ancianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Fatores associados à dependência entre idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors associated to the dependence of older adults with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Method: analytical and epidemiological study with 99 older adults. The Brazilian Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire and a questionnaire composed by socio-demographic and clinical variables were used. The independent variables were described and compared to the level of dependence obtained by the chi-square test or the Fisher test, the strength of association was estimated by Odds Ratio and multiple regression. Results: the level of dependence prevailed in 79.8% of the sample. Higher chances of dependence were associated to: cutting toenails; performing household chores; presenting geriatric problems; urinary incontinence; time of diagnosis of diabetes; falls in the past year; and physical inactivity. Conclusion: considering the positive association of diabetes mellitus to the increased chance of dependence among older adults, there is need for direction and adoption of effective measures to ensure the functionality and quality of life of older adults with diabetes mellitus in a fair and democratic way.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar factores asociados a la posibilidad de dependencia entre ancianos con diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2. Método: estudio epidemiológico-analítico con amuestra de 99 ancianos. Para la recolección de los datos, han sido utilizados el Cuestionario Brasileño de Evaluación Funcional Multidimensional y un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se describieron las variables independientes comparándolas con el grado de dependencia obtenido por medio de la prueba Chi-Cuadrado o de Fisher, y se estimó la fuerza de asociación por odds ratio y regresión múltiple. Resultados: prevaleció el nivel de dependencia en el 79,8% de la amuestra. Se asociaron a una mayor posibilidad de dependencia: cortar las uñas de los pies; desarrollar actividad de limpieza doméstica; presentar problemas geriátricos; incontinencia urinaria; tiempo de diagnóstico de diabetes; caída en el último año; e inactividad física. Conclusión: considerándose la asociación positiva de DM con el aumento de la posibilidad de dependencia entre ancianos, se evidencia la necesidad de direccionamiento y adopción de medidas eficaces para garantir la funcionalidad y calidad de vida de los ancianos con DM de manera ecuánime y democrática.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à dependência entre idosos com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2. Método: estudo epidemiológico-analítico com 99 idosos. Utilizados o Questionário Brasileiro de Avaliação Funcional Multidimensional e um questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Descreveram-se as variáveis independentes comparando-as com o grau de dependência obtido pelo teste do Qui-Quadrado ou de Fisher, e estimou-se a força de associação por Odds Ratio e regressão múltipla. Resultados: prevaleceu o nível de dependência em 79,8% da amostra. Associaram-se com maior chance de dependência: cortar unhas dos pés; realizar limpeza doméstica; apresentar problemas geriátricos; incontinência urinária; tempo de diagnóstico de diabetes; queda no último ano; e inatividade física. Conclusão: considerando-se a associação positiva do DM com o aumento da chance de dependência entre idosos, há necessidade de direcionamento e adoção de medidas eficazes para garantir a funcionalidade e qualidade de vida dos idosos com DM de maneira equânime e democrática.

Family health strategy: relevance to the functional capacity of older people / Estrategia salud de la familia: relevancia para la capacidad funcional de los ancianos / Estratégia saúde da família: relevância para a capacidade funcional de idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the functional capacity of older people based on their performance on basic activities of daily living. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out through the record of the Family Health teams working in the urban area of a city in northern Minas Gerais, in 2015. To assess the functional capacity of 373 older people, the Katz Scale was applied, which includes dimensions on the performance of daily living activities. The interviews took place in the participants' households. Results: of the total participants, 6.9% had some degree of dependence. Those aged over 80 years old and were living without a partner had about three times more chances of presenting higher levels of functional dependence. Conclusion: most older people enrolled in a Family Health Strategy had their functional capacity preserved.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la capacidad funcional de los ancianos con base en el desempeño para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Método: el estudio de delineamiento transversal, realizado por medio de los registros de equipos de Salud de la Familia que actúan en el área urbana de una ciudad del Norte de Minas Gerais, en el año de 2015. Para evaluar la capacidad funcional de 373 ancianos se aplicó la Escala de Katz, que contempla dimensiones sobre la realización de actividades de la vida diaria. Las encuestas ocurrieron en los domicilios de los participantes. Resultados: Del total de ancianos, el 6,9% poseían algún grado de dependencia. Aquellos con edades arriba de 80 años y que vivían sin compañero(a) tuvieron, aproximadamente, el triplo de chances de presentar niveles más elevados de dependencia funcional. Conclusión: Los ancianos registrados en un equipo de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia poseían, en su gran parte, la capacidad funcional preservada.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a capacidade funcional de idosos com base no desempenho para as atividades básicas de vida diária. Método: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado por meio dos registros de equipes de Saúde da Família que atuam na área urbana de uma cidade do Norte de Minas Gerais, no ano de 2015. Para avaliar a capacidade funcional de 373 idosos aplicou-se a Escala de Katz, que contempla dimensões sobre a realização de atividades da vida diária. As entrevistas ocorreram nos domicílios dos participantes. Resultados: do total de idosos, 6,9% possuíam algum grau de dependência. Aqueles com idades acima de 80 anos e que viviam sem companheiro(a) tiveram, aproximadamente, o triplo de chances de apresentar níveis mais elevados de dependência funcional. Conclusão: os idosos cadastrados em uma equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família possuíam, em sua maioria, capacidade funcional preservada.

Expressões médicas: glossário de dificuldades em terminologia médica / Medical expressions: glossary of difficulties in medical terminology

O latim ­ língua oficial do antigo Império Romano ­ foi a raiz de onde brotaram o italiano, o francês, o romeno, o espanhol e o português. Esses dois últimos idiomas floresceram na Península Ibérica e, graças à era das grandes navegações, atravessaram oceanos e se instalaram nos territórios então recém-descobertos. A partir do século XV, a colonização portuguesa levou a sua língua para a África (Angola, Moçambique, Guiné-Bissau, São Tomé e Príncipe), ilhas próximas da costa africana (Açores, Madeira), Ásia (Macau, Goa, Damão, Diu), Oceania (Timor) e América (Brasil). Atualmente, cerca de 250 milhões de pessoas no mundo, espalhadas pelos cinco continentes, comungam da lusofonia e da crença do poeta Fernando Pessoa: "minha Pátria é minha língua!". Os principais dicionários de português listam 440 mil verbetes que, no entanto, não espelham a total amplitude do idioma. Devido aos avanços da ciência e da tecnologia e às transformações sociais, que provocam o surgimento de novos termos para descrever as descobertas e métodos mais recentes, os linguistas estimam que a língua portuguesa conte, na verdade, com aproximadamente 600 mil palavras, excluindo-se as conjugações verbais e os plurais. Como um organismo vivo, a língua muda e se adapta aos contextos onde está inserida. Palavras surgem para expressar novos conceitos; outras deixam de ser utilizadas e são substituídas. Ao longo dos séculos, até chegar a sua forma atual, o português foi assimilando as influências dos diferentes povos e incorporando termos estranhos ao seu berço. Jangada (de origem malaia), chá (de origem chinesa), quitanda (de origem africana), pipoca (de origem tupi) são alguns dos termos importados pela fala lusa contemporânea.

Monitoramento Rápido de Vacinação na prevenção do sarampo no estado do Ceará, em 2015 / Monitoreo rápido de vacunación en la prevención de sarampión en el estado de Ceará, Brasil, en 2015 / Rapid Monitoring of Vaccination to prevent measles in Ceará State, Brazil, 2015

Objetivo: descrever os resultados do Monitoramento Rápido de Vacinação, realizado com o propósito de interromper o surto de sarampo no estado do Ceará em 2015. Métodos: estudo descritivo, com dados obtidos de 52.216 cadernetas de vacinação de crianças de 6 meses a menos de 5 anos de idade; e com dados sobre cobertura vacinal, homogeneidade e motivos de não vacinação extraídos do Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (SI-PNI). Resultados: a cobertura vacinal contra sarampo alcançou 96,7% no Ceará; das 21 Coordenadorias Regionais de Saúde, quatro não atingiram a cobertura mínima de 95% para a primeira dose, e duas para a segunda dose; verificou-se que 836 (1,6%) crianças não foram vacinadas e 1.388 doses deixaram de ser aplicadas. Conclusão: as campanhas de vacinação contra sarampo asseguraram a superação da meta de cobertura vacinal no estado do Ceará, embora se tenha constatado número expressivo de crianças não vacinadas.

Objetivo: describir los resultados del monitoreo rápido de vacunación, para interrumpir el brote de sarampión en el estado de Ceará, Brasil, en 2015. Métodos: estudio descriptivo a partir de la evaluación de 52.216 cuadernos de vacunación de niños menores de cinco años, y datos sobre la cobertura, homogeneidad y motivos de no vacunación extraídos del Sistema de Informaciones del Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones (SI-PNI). Resultados: se alcanzó 96,7% de cobertura contra sarampión; de las 21 Coordinaciones Regionales de Salud, cuatro no alcanzaron la cobertura mínima de 95% para la primera dosis, y dos para la segunda; se verificó que 836 (1,6%) niños no fueron vacunados y 1.388 dosis dejaron de ser aplicadas. Conclusión: las campañas de vacunación contra sarampión aseguraron la superación de la meta de cobertura en Ceará, aunque se constató número expresivo de niños no vacunados.

Objective: to describe the results of Rapid Monitoring Vaccination monitoring conducted with the aim of interrupting the measles outbreak in the State of Ceará, Brazil, in 2015. Methods: this was a descriptive study using data taken from 52,216 vaccination cards of children aged from 6 months to less than 5 years and data on vaccination coverage, homogeneity, and reasons for non-vaccination extracted from the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI). Results: vaccination coverage against measles reached 96.7% in Ceará; of the 21 Regional Health Offices in the State, four did not reach minimum coverage of 95% for the first dose, and two for the second dose; 836 children (1.6%) were not vaccinated and 1,388 vaccine doses were not used. Conclusion: Measles vaccination campaigns enabled the immunization coverage goal in the State of Ceará to be surpassed, despite the considerable number of unvaccinated children found.

O processo do cuidar de idosos hospitalizados: percepção dos acompanhantes de um hospital universitário / The caring process of the hospitalized elderly: perception of caregivers of a university hospital / El proceso del cuidar de ancianos hospitalizados: percepción de los acompañantes de un hospital universitario

Objetivou-se identificar a percepção, quanto ao processo de cuidar, de acompanhantes de idosos de um hospital universitário, muitas vezes seus cuidadores pós-hospitalização, no ambiente domiciliar. Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento descritivo, exploratório, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 28 pessoas, os sujeitos componentes da amostra deste estudo. Foi utilizada uma entrevista como instrumento de coleta de dados. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio de Análise de Conteúdo. Emergiram seis categorias de estudo como resultado da pesquisa: Caracterização dos participantes; Importância autorreferida da participação do acompanhante quanto aos cuidados geriátricos; Apoio emocional ao idoso; Reforço positivo para o idoso hospitalizado, pelo interesse do acompanhante em participar do cuidado; Fatores dificultadores para a participação do acompanhante na assistência ao idoso; e Contribuição da equipe de enfermagem para a satisfação do acompanhante. Concluiu-se que a presença de acompanhante no ambiente hospitalar, procedendo muitas vezes como cuidador pós-hospitalização no ambiente domiciliar, contribui substancialmente na melhora do prognóstico do quadro clínico e na recuperação de um paciente idoso.

The objective was to identify the perception, regarding the care process, of elderly companions from a university hospital, often their post-hospitalization caregivers, in the home environment. This is a descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach, performed with 28 caregivers and caregivers of the elderly hospitalized in a hospital. An interview was used as an instrument of data collection. The data processing is given through Content Analysis. Six categories of study emerged as a result of the research: Characterization of the participants; Authoritarian evaluation of the companion's participation in the geriatric care; Emotional support for the elderly; Positive reinforcement for the hospitalized elderly, due to the interest of the companion in participating in the care; Difficult factors for the companion's participation in assisting the elderly; and Contribution of the nursing team to the companion's satisfaction. Therefore, it is concluded that the presence of the companion in the hospital environment, often acting as a post-hospitalization caregiver, in the home environment, contribute substantially to the improvement of the prognosis of the clinical picture and the recovery of the elderly patient.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la percepción, con respecto al proceso de atención, de los compañeros de edad avanzada de un hospital universitario, a menudo sus cuidadores posteriores a la hospitalización, en el hogar. Es un estudio de diseño descriptivo, exploratorio, cruce con un enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 28 cuidadores y cuidadores de los pacientes ingresados en un hospital. Se utilizó una entrevista como instrumento de recolección de datos. El procesamiento de los datos se da por medio de análisis de contenido. Emergen seis categorías de estudio como resultado de la investigación: Caracterización de los participantes; Evaluación autorizada que acompaña a la participación en la atención geriátrica; Apoyo emocional a las personas mayores; Refuerzo, positivo para ancianos hospitalizados, debdo al interés del acompañante en la asistencia a los ancianos; Contribución del equipo de enfermería a la satisfacción del acompañante. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la presencia de un compañero en el entorno hospitalario, que a menudo actúa como un cuidador posterior a la hospitalización, en el entorno doméstico, contribuye sustancialmente a mejorar el pronóstico del estado clínico y la recuperación de un paciente anciano.